<h2>Online gaming has become a concern for some parents in the past few years and there are worries children might become addicted, with negative effects on their socialisation.</h2>
<p>This has led some parents to think of creative ways to reduce gaming, <a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d626/a69ee600b71a14901e87b171d241d19fb526.pdf" target="_blank">including</a> rationing the time children spend online.</p>
<p>It’s important to remember though, that not all the research into children playing video games paints a bleak picture. In fact, there is a growing body of research that suggests such worries might be <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0270467612469077" target="_blank">unfounded</a> and that gaming could be an incredibly useful <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6967110" target="_blank">educational tool</a> which might actually make children <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6967110" target="_blank">more sociable</a>, not less.</p>
<p>In the same way that many schools use other forms of technology to get students more excited about learning – such as <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17439880701511099?casa_token=1fpEPqAce0YAAAAA:F1IjRAi0ZjvAshQfYGkmnyAoRjK3uQsHrhG9Ag-35QR8lY3j61nT3TJffp-y0X_prYkKVw1UrQTtyw" target="_blank">interactive whiteboards</a> and <a href="https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/jotlt/article/view/3084" target="_blank">tablets</a> – both of which seem popular with students, video games might also offer similar benefits.</p>
<h2>How gaming could help</h2>
<p>Language learning in particular seems a perfect place to try “gamified” classes. Some schools are already using <a href="http://guinevereproject.eu/" target="_blank">Minecraft in French classes</a> – the idea is that students work together to build a “learning zone” in the Minecraft space – finding new words to help them along the way.</p>
<p>Indeed, <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2304/elea.2005.2.1.5" target="_blank">James Paul Gee</a>, a leading researcher in the area of video games as language learning tools, suggests that role-playing games such as <a href="https://elderscrolls.bethesda.net/en/" target="_blank">The Elder Scrolls</a> series or <a href="https://worldofwarcraft.com/en-gb/" target="_blank">World of Warcraft</a>, offer an ideal learning space for what he calls “at-risk” learners. In theory, there is just enough challenge, just enough support, just enough room for players to be themselves and, possibly most important, students have just enough “ownership” of the learning process.</p>
<p>“At-risk” language learners, by Gee’s definition, could be anyone. They may be learners with special educational needs, but equally they may also simply be learners who feel more vulnerable in a language classroom. Learning a language, after all, is a huge departure from some students’ comfort zones. Students, for example, can get nervous and inhibited in a classroom. Language learning researchers describe this as an “<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/329101?casa_token=sfwzb150ywYAAAAA:abAqA_Auh_Z2Xr85xg-BhrW4O5yjtKg-115gyRYF1RZQ3IkldLP7GC7PXRDXt4ZHPKAGY2CBCpLNoWxUvhsjLKeJXoh23FLuzmYiJmqtGvDwM-2n-jRV&;seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents" target="_blank">affective filter</a>” – a fear of making a mistake and losing face literally affects how far a student joins in the class.</p>
<figure class="align-center "><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/272226/original/file-20190502-103049-17mkrcf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=45&;auto=format&;w=754&;fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/272226/original/file-20190502-103049-17mkrcf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=45&;auto=format&;w=600&;h=397&;fit=crop&;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/272226/original/file-20190502-103049-17mkrcf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=30&;auto=format&;w=600&;h=397&;fit=crop&;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/272226/original/file-20190502-103049-17mkrcf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=15&;auto=format&;w=600&;h=397&;fit=crop&;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/272226/original/file-20190502-103049-17mkrcf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=45&;auto=format&;w=754&;h=499&;fit=crop&;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/272226/original/file-20190502-103049-17mkrcf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=30&;auto=format&;w=754&;h=499&;fit=crop&;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/272226/original/file-20190502-103049-17mkrcf.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=15&;auto=format&;w=754&;h=499&;fit=crop&;dpr=3 2262w" alt="" /><figcaption><span class="caption">Gaming can take you out of yourself and lets you enter new worlds.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Shutterstock</span></span></figcaption></figure>
<p>My research specifically looks at language learning – a subject area that, certainly <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13670050802549656?casa_token=E4UYTrXaSSUAAAAA:9FSHKYHtjYOBgUedWYncGqu0WxcTUsTn-uC8eoxjjdJFHscnXO86KiiPvUGzkO3XD0xd3FtUKJvY-g" target="_blank">in the UK</a>, appears to be one that students seem to endure <a href="http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar_url?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2Fdownload%3Fdac%3DC2010-0-48306-2%26isbn%3D9781135378707%26format%3DgooglePreviewPdf&;hl=en&;sa=T&;ct=res&;cd=44&;d=12163858754257455055&;ei=llS_XOLXAoOqmgHZ7KGIBA&;scisig=AAGBfm0R0uy3JU-TYn57dqE5bWjjLBfSRA&;nossl=1&;ws=1368x750&;at=Teaching%20modern%20foreign%20languages%3A%20A%20handbook%20for%20teachers" target="_blank">rather than necessarily enjoy</a>. It builds on the ideas of <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/calicojournal.25.2.175.pdf?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents" target="_blank">Philip Hubbard</a>, a leading researcher in the field of using technology to enhance language learning. He has previously suggested that while technology in classrooms is seen as useful there is no strategy for using it – and this is where my research comes in. What I’m aiming to do is find that strategy and try to answer the following questions: how video games might help, why some students might prefer playing a video game to being in class and what areas of language learning a teacher could improve with this technology.</p>
<h2>The power of gaming</h2>
<p>Video games, especially massive multiplayer online role-playing games (MMOs) such as World of Warcraft, <a href="https://na.finalfantasyxiv.com/a_realm_reborn/" target="_blank">Final Fantasy XIV</a> and <a href="https://www.runescape.com/community" target="_blank">Runescape</a> tend to cut through all the reasons for someone to be self-conscious. Players have to communicate <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1555412006286892" target="_blank">in real-time</a>, with no opportunity to agonise over what to say, or how to speak perfectly.</p>
<p>This real-time aspect of MMOs may sound terrifying for someone learning a language. But actually, a highly useful gamification study by <a href="https://www.learntechlib.org/p/112246/" target="_blank">Ian Glover</a>, a lecturer in technology-enhanced learning at Sheffield Hallam University, found that learners in general have a high level of extrinsic motivation when they game. In other words, students really want to chase levelling up, bonuses and rewards, which they define as excelling within a gaming space.</p>
<p>As a result, they may force themselves to become better at communicating so they can level up quicker – and this drive might go deeper still. Gamers are often encouraged to repeat levels several times, so that they can perform better.</p>
<h2>Building connections</h2>
<p>This is what the prominent motivation researcher, <a href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=180375" target="_blank">Zoltan Dörnyei</a>, describes as “directed motivational currents”. The concept implies that motivation, for some students, may be driven entirely by their personal view of what success entails.</p>
<p>This is important because if the commonly held theory that many students learn languages to “tick a box” needed for graduation is correct, then they may only be motivated to study just enough to pass. On the other hand, if success in the language classroom is aligned with success in a gaming space, then harnessing this drive may be a powerful way to foster continued interest in language learning and developing language skills.</p>
<figure class="align-center "><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/272230/original/file-20190502-103063-12p9pfs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=45&;auto=format&;w=754&;fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/272230/original/file-20190502-103063-12p9pfs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=45&;auto=format&;w=600&;h=400&;fit=crop&;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/272230/original/file-20190502-103063-12p9pfs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=30&;auto=format&;w=600&;h=400&;fit=crop&;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/272230/original/file-20190502-103063-12p9pfs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=15&;auto=format&;w=600&;h=400&;fit=crop&;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/272230/original/file-20190502-103063-12p9pfs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=45&;auto=format&;w=754&;h=503&;fit=crop&;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/272230/original/file-20190502-103063-12p9pfs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=30&;auto=format&;w=754&;h=503&;fit=crop&;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/272230/original/file-20190502-103063-12p9pfs.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&;q=15&;auto=format&;w=754&;h=503&;fit=crop&;dpr=3 2262w" alt="" /><figcaption><span class="caption">Students can earn points as they pass through different levels of the game.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Shutterstock</span></span></figcaption></figure>
<p>Video games may also have the potential to help learners develop more complex social skills. This view is inspired by the Russian philosopher <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&;lr=&;id=cblaBAAAQBAJ&;oi=fnd&;pg=PT8&;dq=bakhtin+the+dialogic+imagination&;ots=5IoS5FsFqy&;sig=OjUSIDl5l8E0ywcNfJkRq7CsPP0#v=onepage&;q=bakhtin%20the%20dialogic%20imagination&;f=false" target="_blank">Mikhail Bakhtin</a>, who believed that truly meaningful communication came from negotiating cultural differences and finding solutions.</p>
<p>This happens a lot in a video game, as players try to find their roles, but more significant is what the negotiations seem to lead to: <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00220973.1991.10806579?casa_token=SKS7nhhZHn4AAAAA:wEX0hDX2mNypDAgYooqgvfrFFkuMDEt4aUpTxwtriFFLrwsZzjVMXvxFLobqDsowiIUuGtavWtIVUA" target="_blank">relatedness</a> – finding shared meaning and a sense of belonging. A <a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/recall/article/learner-interaction-in-a-massively-multiplayer-online-role-playing-game-mmorpg-a-sociocultural-discourse-analysis/47512049EFFC60C2C8C01C75A176518A" target="_blank">study conducted in Japan</a> found that players seemed to play MMOs mainly for the purpose of forming social connections.</p>
<p>So will schools of the future all be learning languages through gaming? This remains to be seen, but given that the evidence suggests gaming can encourage social skills and teamwork – as well as incredible scope to share ideas and build knowledge – there may be a good argument for ditching the textbooks and logging into another world for a while.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/105760/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p>
<h6><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/christopher-timothy-mcguirk-332646" target="_blank">Christopher Timothy McGuirk</a>, Lecturer in EFL (English as a Foreign Language), <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-central-lancashire-1272" target="_blank">University of Central Lancashire. </a></em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com" target="_blank">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/can-you-learn-a-language-playing-video-games-what-the-research-says-105760" target="_blank">original article</a>.</h6>

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